In Kant's deontology, what is the characteristic that gives humans inherent value?
{ ~The ability to reproduce
~The divine light of creation
=The capacity to reason
~Our capability to feel pleasure and pain
} // question: 41940868 name: D7 ::D7::[html]Which of the following is a common criticism of deontology?
{ =Its rules lack flexibility for different situations
~It doesn't make any claims about the source of morality
~It is too dependent on the personal views of individuals.
~It relies to much on expected values of actions.
} // question: 41940867 name: D8 ::D8::[html]Imagine that you are hiding your good friend in your house from a crazed axe-murderer who wants to axe-murder them. The murderer knocks on your door one night and politely asks you if your friend is there.
\nWhich action would the classical Kantian deontologist NOT approve of in response?
{ =Lying to the axe-murderer about your friends whereabouts.
~Refusing to answer the axe-murderer.
~Attempting to restrain the axe-murder until the police arrive.
~Axe-murdering the axe-murderer with your own axe before he has a chance to axe-murder your friend.
} // question: 41940855 name: Ethics as a practical discipline ::Ethics as a practical discipline::[html]Why does Talbot claim that ethics is fundamentally a practical discipline?{ ~Ethical truths are determined by empirical observation =Ethics concerns what we should do, not merely what we believe ~Ethical theories aim to predict behavior ~Moral reasoning eliminates the need for law } // question: 41940863 name: Ethics without religious authority ::Ethics without religious authority::[html]Why does Talbot argue that ethical reasoning should not rely on religious authority, even if God exists?{ ~Religious beliefs are always irrational =Moral disagreements persist even among believers ~Religion undermines democratic decision-making ~Ethical truths change over time } // question: 41940857 name: First-order ethics ::First-order ethics::[html]Which of the following best characterizes a first-order ethical question?{ ~What makes moral judgments true or false? ~How do we justify moral beliefs? =Is reproductive cloning morally acceptable? ~Are moral properties objectively real? } // question: 41940862 name: Hard determinism ::Hard determinism::[html]What is the defining claim of hard determinism?{ ~Some actions are free and some are causally determined ~Human freedom is compatible with causal determination =All behavior is causally determined and free will is an illusion ~Moral responsibility depends on social conventions } // question: 41940860 name: Intentional action and moral evaluation ::Intentional action and moral evaluation::[html]Why are only intentional actions morally evaluable, according to Talbot?{ ~Because unintentional actions never cause harm ~Because morality requires social recognition =Because moral praise and blame presuppose choice ~Because laws apply only to deliberate behavior } // question: 41940865 name: Intro 1 ::Intro 1::[html]Which of the following choices does NOT represent someone making a moral claim?
{ ~A priest argues that premarital cohabitation goes against God's commands.
=Congress passes a law legalizing the recreational use of marijuana.
~A philosopher argues that capital punishment is an attack on the dignity of humanity.
~A protest outside of a industrial beef farm is filled activists agitating against inhumane treatment of cows.
} // question: 41940859 name: Metaphysics vs epistemology ::Metaphysics vs epistemology::[html]Talbot distinguishes metaphysics from epistemology by noting that\:{ ~Metaphysics studies morality, epistemology studies science =Metaphysics asks what is true; epistemology asks how we know (or justify) that it is true ~Epistemology concerns values, metaphysics concerns facts ~Metaphysics applies only to religion, epistemology to philosophy } // question: 41940852 name: Multidisciplinary vs interdisciplinary ::Multidisciplinary vs interdisciplinary::[html]Why does Talbot emphasize that biotechnology is both multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary?{ ~To show that biotechnology relies mainly on collaboration between philosophers and scientists ~To explain why biotechnology resists ethical regulation =To highlight that many disciplines contribute and also work together toward shared goals ~To argue that biotechnology lacks a coherent methodological foundation } // question: 41940858 name: Second-order ethics ::Second-order ethics::[html]A second-order ethical question is concerned primarily with\:{ ~Which actions produce the best consequences =How moral judgments are justified or grounded ~How laws should regulate behavior ~Which virtues promote human flourishing } // question: 41940851 name: The “bio” in biotechnology ::The “bio” in biotechnology::[html]In Talbot’s definition, the “bio” in biotechnology refers primarily to\:{ ~The biological training of researchers ~The ethical evaluation of biological life =The subject matter to which science and technology are applied ~The use of biology as the dominant discipline } // question: 41940856 name: The hairdresser dilemma ::The hairdresser dilemma::[html]The example of the “hairdresser dilemma” is primarily used to illustrate that\:{ ~Moral rules are culturally relative ~Ethical dilemmas are caused by social pressure =Moral decision-making cannot be reduced to simple rule-following ~Honesty is always morally superior to kindness } // question: 41940864 name: The state and ethical controversy ::The state and ethical controversy::[html]In Chapter 3, Talbot emphasizes that the state’s role in ethical controversy is limited because\:{ ~The state lacks moral authority ~Ethical truth is purely subjective =Reasonable citizens can disagree deeply about moral issues ~Law must always follow majority opinion } // question: 41940853 name: Turning point in modern biotechnology ::Turning point in modern biotechnology::[html]Which development does Talbot identify as a key turning point in modern biotechnology?{ ~The invention of in vitro fertilization ~The discovery of antibiotics =The completion of the Human Genome Project ~The rise of computer modeling in biology } // question: 41940866 name: VE 1 ::VE 1::[html]Which of the following is an essential step in Virtue Ethics for figuring out what virtues are important, according to our textbook?
{ =Finding an example of a virtuous person to serve as a model
~Deciding what virtues are likely to bring about the most happiness
~Seeing what virtues best adhere to the Categorical Imperative
~Evaluating what virtues impartial observers would agree on
} // question: 41940849 name: Which of the following choices best matches the reasoning a utilitarian might... ::Which of the following choices best matches the reasoning a utilitarian might...::[html]Which of the following choices best matches the reasoning a utilitarian might use to solve a moral dilemma?{ ~Take the action that best respects the dignity of whoever is involved. =Take the action that leads to an outcome that promotes the most happiness. ~Take the action that most embodies what a moral person would do. ~Avoid any actions that violate moral laws. } // question: 41940848 name: Which of the following choices does NOT represent a common view of utilitarians? ::Which of the following choices does NOT represent a common view of utilitarians?::[html]Which of the following choices does NOT represent a common view of utilitarians?{ ~There is no essential connection between the morality of an action and the morality of the intentions behind it. ~The action that is optimific is the one that morality requires. =People who are close to us, like family and loved ones, have more weight in utility calculations than strangers. ~The correct moral action is based on the characteristic and context of any given situation. } // question: 41940872 name: Who is not a full moral agent? ::Who is not a full moral agent?::[html]Which group is typically considered not to be full moral agents in Talbot’s account?
{ ~Adults acting under coercion
=Children who lack full moral understanding
~Adults who make immoral choices
~Scientists working under institutional pressure
} // question: 41940854 name: Why biotechnology generates ethical problems ::Why biotechnology generates ethical problems::[html]Talbot argues that biotechnology generates new ethical problems primarily because it\:{ ~Encourages profit-driven science ~Undermines traditional moral norms =Enables actions that were previously impossible ~Conflicts with religious worldviews }